The Scientific 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Scientists, Past and Present

The list below is from the book The Scientific 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Scientists, Past and Present, Citadel Press (2000), written by John Galbraith Simmons.

1	Isaac Newton	the Newtonian Revolution	Anglican (rejected Trinitarianism, i.e., Athanasianism; believed in the Arianism of the Primitive Church)
2	Albert Einstein	Twentieth-Century Science	Jewish
3	Neils Bohr	the Atom	Jewish Lutheran
4	Charles Darwin	Evolution	Anglican (nominal); Unitarian
5	Louis Pasteur	the Germ Theory of Disease	Catholic
6	Sigmund Freud	Psychology of the Unconscious	Jewish; Atheist; Freudian psychoanalysis (Freudianism)
7	Galileo Galilei	the New Science	Catholic
8	Antoine Laurent Lavoisier	the Revolution in Chemistry	Catholic
9	Johannes Kepler	Motion of the Planets	Lutheran
10	Nicolaus Copernicus	the Heliocentric Universe	Catholic (priest)
11	Michael Faraday	the Classical Field Theory	Sandemanian
12	James Clerk Maxwell	the Electromagnetic Field	Presbyterian; Anglican; Baptist
13	Claude Bernard	the Founding of Modern Physiology
14	Franz Boas	Modern Anthropology	Jewish
15	Werner Heisenberg	Quantum Theory	Lutheran
16	Linus Pauling	Twentieth-Century Chemistry	Lutheran
17	Rudolf Virchow	the Cell Doctrine
18	Erwin Schrodinger	Wave Mechanics	Catholic
19	Ernest Rutherford	the Structure of the Atom
20	Paul Dirac	Quantum Electrodynamics
21	Andreas Vesalius	the New Anatomy	Catholic
22	Tycho Brahe	the New Astronomy	Lutheran
23	Comte de Buffon	l'Histoire Naturelle
24	Ludwig Boltzmann	Thermodynamics
25	Max Planck	the Quanta	Protestant
26	Marie Curie	Radioactivity	Catholic (lapsed)
27	William Herschel	the Discovery of the Heavens	Jewish
28	Charles Lyell	Modern Geology
29	Pierre Simon de Laplace	Newtonian Mechanics	atheist
30	Edwin Hubble	the Modern Telescope
31	Joseph J. Thomson	the Discovery of the Electron
32	Max Born	Quantum Mechanics	Jewish Lutheran
33	Francis Crick	Molecular Biology	atheist
34	Enrico Fermi	Atomic Physics	Catholic
35	Leonard Euler	Eighteenth-Century Mathematics	Calvinist
36	Justus Liebig	Nineteenth-Century Chemistry
37	Arthur Eddington	Modern Astronomy	Quaker
38	William Harvey	Circulation of the Blood	Anglican (nominal)
39	Marcello Malpighi	Microscopic Anatomy	Catholic
40	Christiaan Huygens	the Wave Theory of Light	Calvinist
41	Carl Gauss (Karl Friedrich Gauss)	Mathematical Genius	Lutheran
42	Albrecht von Haller	Eighteenth-Century Medicine
43	August Kekule	Chemical Structure
44	Robert Koch	Bacteriology
45	Murray Gell-Mann	the Eightfold Way	Jewish
46	Emil Fischer	Organic Chemistry
47	Dmitri Mendeleev	the Periodic Table of Elements
48	Sheldon Glashow	the Discovery of Charm	Jewish
49	James Watson	the Structure of DNA	atheist
50	John Bardeen	Superconductivity
51	John von Neumann	the Modern Computer	Jewish Catholic
52	Richard Feynman	Quantum Electrodynamics	Jewish
53	Alfred Wegener	Continental Drift
54	Stephen Hawking	Quantum Cosmology	atheist
55	Anton van Leeuwenhoek	the Simple Microscope	Dutch Reformed
56	Max von Laue	X-ray Crystallography
57	Gustav Kirchhoff	Spectroscopy
58	Hans Bethe	the Energy of the Sun	Jewish
59	Euclid	the Foundations of Mathematics	Platonism / Greek philosophy
60	Gregor Mendel	the Laws of Inheritance	Catholic (Augustinian monk)
61	Heike Kamerlingh Onnes	Superconductivity
62	Thomas Hunt Morgan	the Chromosomal Theory of Heredity
63	Hermann von Helmholtz	the Rise of German Science
64	Paul Ehrlich	Chemotherapy	Jewish
65	Ernst Mayr	Evolutionary Theory	atheist
66	Charles Sherrington	Neurophysiology
67	Theodosius Dobzhansky	the Modern Synthesis	Russian Orthodox
68	Max Delbruck	the Bacteriophage
69	Jean Baptiste Lamarck	the Foundations of Biology
70	William Bayliss	Modern Physiology
71	Noam Chomsky	Twentieth-Century Linguistics	Jewish atheist
72	Frederick Sanger	the Genetic Code
73	Lucretius	Scientific Thinking	Epicurean; atheist
74	John Dalton	the Theory of the Atom	Quaker
75	Louis Victor de Broglie	Wave/Particle Duality
76	Carl Linnaeus	the Binomial Nomenclature	Christianity
77	Jean Piaget	Child Development
78	George Gaylord Simpson	the Tempo of Evolution
79	Claude Levi-Strauss	Structural Anthropology	Jewish
80	Lynn Margulis	Symbiosis Theory	Jewish
81	Karl Landsteiner	the Blood Groups	Jewish
82	Konrad Lorenz	Ethology
83	Edward O. Wilson	Sociobiology
84	Frederick Gowland Hopkins	Vitamins
85	Gertrude Belle Elion	Pharmacology
86	Hans Selye	the Stress Concept
87	J. Robert Oppenheimer	the Atomic Era	Jewish
88	Edward Teller	the Bomb	Jewish
89	Willard Libby	Radioactive Dating
90	Ernst Haeckel	the Biogenetic Principle
91	Jonas Salk	Vaccination	Jewish
92	Emil Kraepelin	Twentieth-Century Psychiatry
93	Trofim Lysenko	Soviet Genetics	Russian Orthodox; Communist
94	Francis Galton	Eugenics
95	Alfred Binet	the I.Q. Test
96	Alfred Kinsey	Human Sexuality	atheist
97	Alexander Fleming	Penicillin	Catholic
98	B. F. Skinner	Behaviorism	atheist
99	Wilhelm Wundt	the Founding of Psychology	atheist
100	Archimedes	the Beginning of Science	Greek philosophy